章6 颇穷理乱情-3(1 / 2)

帝国的黎明 鼓元吉 0 字 2021-04-20

师兄弟二人都恭敬的相互见礼,宋安笑道:“刑部秋审之后,忙着考察胥吏,处置案头公文杂务,许久都没有机会向师父求教,今日可得着机会,师父勿要让学生空手而回。”他虽然执礼甚恭,但神态却颇为随意,显然作为晁补之唯一的入室弟子,这师徒二人十分亲近。</p>

晁补之笑对赵行德道:“你师兄做了这刑部的官职,别的没有长进,倒是不肯吃亏的习性见长。”他在李府只讲词赋之学,如今赵行德恭恭敬敬来拜师求教,自然所求学问便不限于词赋了,沉吟片刻,晁补之缓缓道:“大学有云,物格而后知至,知至而后意诚,意诚而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齐,家齐而后国治,国治而后天下平"。他见宋安与赵行德都神色肃穆地听讲,便道:“元直尚未成家,亦未出仕,今日便讲修身。”</p>

宋安和赵行德一齐点头,晁补之便道:“修身之道,见于《大学》《中庸》,你二人都颇通经术,为师只讲些心得,你二人若有不同,我们便共同切磋探讨,达者为师。”</p>

赵行德没料到他的治学态度竟如此开明,微微惊讶,却见宋安脸色如常,显然晁补之一贯便是如此,他便凝神细听。</p>

“子曰,修身则道立。易曰,乾道变化,各正性命。性者,天生之质,若刚柔迟速之别;命者,人所禀受,若贵贱天寿之属也。”晁补之讲了几句,见宋安和赵行德都熟悉经典,并无懵懂之色,心下微微点头,道:“修身者,人自治也。人不能自治,焉能治人。所以我儒门所说的修齐治平,以修身为基本功夫。小者君子慎独,大者舍生取义,皆是修身之道。”</p>

讲到这里,晁补之见宋安目露疑惑之色,便示意他可以发问,宋安便问道:“所言‘舍生取义’者,连自身的命都没有了,谈何修身?”赵行德在旁也微微点头,宋安这么一问,他也觉得有疑惑。</p>

晁补之微微一笑,问道:“舍生取义之典故何出?”</p>

赵行德不假思索地背诵道:“孟子曰,鱼,我所欲也,熊掌,亦我所欲也;二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生,我所欲也,义,亦我所欲也;二者不可得兼,舍生而取义者也。”</p>

晁补之点了点头,示意赵行德往下,赵行德便继续背诵道:“生亦我所欲,所欲有甚于生者,故不为苟得也;死亦我所恶,所恶有甚于死者,故患有所不辟也。”十几年的苦读功夫下来,原本孰极而流,片刻之间赵行德便将这篇《孟子告子上·鱼我所欲也》背诵到结尾,“为身死而不受,今为宫室之美为之;乡为身死而不受,今为妻妾之奉为之;乡为身死而不受,今为所识穷乏者得我而为之,是亦不可以已乎?此之谓失其本心。”</p>

当赵行德念诵到最后一句“此所谓失其本心”的时候,宋安脑中念头一闪,似有恍然大悟,晁补之微微笑道:“你明白了么?”</p>

宋安突然通达了一个道理,脸上露出惊喜的神色,道:“弟子似乎有些明白了。”</p>

晁补之笑道:“说说来看?”</p>

宋安梳理了一下思路,沉声道:“诚如夫子所言之‘朝闻道,夕死可矣’。修身之道,无外乎性命,终至大成者,达到夫子‘七十从心所欲而不距’所言的境界,便是修养使性命合乎了天道。性者,天生之质,直指本心。为苟活而失却义,便是蒙昧了本心,使性命功夫受损,失去向道之机,反而不如舍生取义。”</p>

宋安在刑部多见了被下狱的官员,大狱之中,严刑之下,有的安之若素,有的却是鬼哭狼嚎,原先一直疑惑,为何同是士大夫,为何气节差异如此之大,如今看来,却正是修身的功夫不同。</p>

晁补之微微点头道:“有几分道理。”忽然脸色一变,又纠问道:“你说为苟活而失去义,便蒙昧了本心,失却向道之机,那我问你,何以谓之义?”</p>

宋安将所悟的道理讲出来之后,原本心中欣喜,但又隐隐觉得有些不妥,脸上笑容渐渐敛去,正思量间,忽然被晁补之这么一喝,脑中思绪又乱了,一时间竟然没有答上来。</p>

赵行德见晁补之看了过来,脑中电光石火地将所读过的经典过了一遍,下意识地答道:“中庸有云,义者,宜也。春秋左传曰,义,利之本也,蕴利生孽,姑使无蕴乎,可以滋长。”</p>

晁补之点了点头,又看向宋安,宋安这才长出了一口气,叹道:“学生明白了。苟活不过是利,而义为利之本,为生而舍义,是舍本而逐末。”他顿了一顿,看了赵行德一眼,又道:“就好比大狱之中,有严刑拷打之下而致死者,但若是为了一时苟活,胡乱招供,不但救不了自家性命,反而连死也不如了。”他原本心目中有所谓君臣父子之义,国家社稷之类的答案,却反而不如适才赵行德所引述左氏春秋传当中晏子所言来得直接透彻,暗道,我腆为刑部官员,号称“春秋决狱”,但对“春秋”经术的掌握,竟然还不如元直。</p>

晁补之感觉宋安的比喻有些牵强,便又解释道:“天道者,譬如南北之方向。礼义,譬如指引之磁针。运数,又如山川河流。前有险阻,可以绕道,却不可舍却磁针。举世混浊,可以权变,却不可以随波逐流。人生苦短如白驹过隙,若是不能执善而守,失却道义,便成浑浑噩噩之徒。各人的心性皆有不同,昔年安定先生胡瑗设帐收徒,一般教诲这修身之道,其门人皆是一时俊秀,然而钱藻之渊博,孙觉之纯明,范纯仁之直温,钱公辅之简谅,各有不同,便是本心不同的缘故。这性命功夫为师只能指点大道,具体的修炼都要由各人努力,一朝失却本心,要想将它找回来,可就难了。”</p>

他这么说赵行德倒是能够理解的。大道难明的情形下,择善固执未尝不是一个简单而有效的选项。许多才华高绝的人物,一旦迷失方向,便越陷越深,一直沉沦,不能自拔,终于遗臭万年,便是失却了道义的指针,迷失了的方向的缘故。</p>

见宋安和赵行德都点头,晁补之又对宋安道:“你适才所言,修身不过是性命之学,却是有些狭隘了。修身之道,并非止于性命之学,由内而外,性命、体用、权势,都能够通达的,方能成内圣外王。”</p>

这时旁的儒门流派在修身上大都只讲性命之学,晁补之却将其深发开去,他结合在夏国游学的所得,贯通佛道之说,将本身的修养与经世治国之用彻底打通。</p>

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