第37章 十件事(1 / 2)

第二,是对乡绅的态度。在现在的井冈山地区,这一问题还好处理,因为有势力的乡绅并不是太多。

原时空对于乡绅的态度分为很多等级,从清算、罚款、捐款、质问、示威,到游街、囚禁、驱逐,最终乃至枪毙。王瑾把别的都省了,只有砍头。有杀人、强奸、抢劫、纵火和伤人致残这五大罪的就砍,没有就既往不咎了。这一清算并不仅仅是针对乡绅,穷人也不会杀人就不偿命了。只不过一般来说,穷人犯法,大明的司法就把他们治了。能等到闯军来清算的,就算不是乡绅,也是土匪流氓。

在理论上,闯营并不承认有乡绅存在,除了犯罪分子之外全都是民。不过实际执行的,还是对乡绅不利的政策,主要体现在对租佃关系的限制上。

大明的田租,一般在五成到八成之间浮动,要看本地的收成情况,以让大部分佃户不至于被逼死为限。不过到了这个年月,越来越多的地主把握不准这个尺度,否则的话,也没有这么多人造反了。

闯营规定,辖区内的田租限定为五成,不准多也不准少(废话,谁会往少了定)。这五成里,还有一成是要上缴给闯营的。

和大明朝的赋税相比,闯营的这种规定在乡绅们看来自然妥妥的是“暴政”,其实他们应该庆幸,要是晚十年碰上孙可望,他们能拿到的就只剩一成了。

田主自然不可能乖乖地把田租降下来,在过去,如果佃户要求的地租不满足他们的条件,他们大可以把地租给别人,无地的农民多得很,你不租有的是别人租。闯营还将田租以外的所有杂捐,以及佃户为田主服役的陋规都废除了,这些要想执行下去,也自然需要保障。所以,还必须有另一项制度——永佃权。

闯营搞的不是彻底的永佃,而是让田主和佃户以十年为期签订契约,十年之内不得转佃,佃户租种土地的押金也要退还。再加上足够有力的田兵组织来仲裁一切纠纷,交给闯营的田租也由田兵组织直接向佃户收取,至少在目前的条件下,这一制度的推行是没有问题的。大刀加颈,不同意也得同意。

至于自耕农,第一年田赋免收,第二年开始按一公九民的税率征收,看起来比明朝的粮额吓人得多。但是闯营除了田税之外,不向农民收其他任何杂税,连丁银都没有。直接征收粮食,避免了秋收季粮价下跌造成的农民售粮损失。再刨去经办官吏和包税人的好处,就算清丈田亩的时候查出了他们的隐田,一般中农的负担还是比原来轻了。

按照这样的制度,闯营从井冈山地区一年大约能得到一千石粮食,正常来说不可能供应得了上千队伍的开销,之所以现在还能凑合,还是得靠打土豪。

此外还有一些其他制度。比如说在本地的米行吃满货之前,不许粮食外运;对米价进行限制;借贷利息要严格按照大明律的规定执行。虽然条文规定里从来没有“乡绅”两个字,实际上都是在限制乡绅权力的。

王瑾处理绅民关系的思路是相当奇怪的,以十七世纪的标准太过激进,以二十世纪的标准太过反动。两个世纪的办法相结合,再照抄田兵和孙可望,形成了这套奇怪的制度。这也是没办法的事情,闯营的干部队伍按十七世纪的标准太多,按二十世纪的标准太少,故而搞成奇怪的杂烩也是难免的。至少现在,这是王瑾的脑子能想出来的最简单可行的办法。

这套模式打击限制了士绅的利益,但也不至于把他们逼得无路可走,至于士绅会不会领他这个“情”,那就只有天知道了。

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